CONTRIBUTION written by the researcher Azulene OMAR HORACIO ALCANTARA, descendants of the founders OF BLUE AND ONE OF THOSE WHO HAVE MORE KNOWLEDGE ON THE ORIGIN, HISTORY AND PRESENT THAT CITY.
Rufino Captain Blue Solano arrived on a military expedition, was born in this village just five years after its founding. In this place, had a normal and happy childhood, with his large family. Lived in rural Blue, far ahead of emerging people, it was then raised and educated with other children residents the place, but none of them worry you too know who was more original than the other.
The Solano family, was established in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Sierra Chica (current Fennel), along the Arroyo Tapalqué, in whose waters, Rufino used to swim with his siblings and other children's friends, also enjoyed riding with them vast fields. In this group of young, were the sons of the chief Juan Catriel, one of them was Cipriano Catriel, who Rufino Solano had a few days apart, both born in 1837 and Juan José Catriel was two years older than them.
In the place where they had strong or barracks, and other Catriel Indian families lived in their tents and some of them worked in the field of Rufino's father, Dionisio Solano, who was mayor rural Blue Creek, upstream, where he served for over twenty years. Time during which the child never existed confrontation between the two peoples. Rufino
Solano was how he learned to speak the indigenous language, track and field, to tame "the Indian", to guide in the immensity of the pampas, to make spears and bolas, and a myriad of things that you were taught by the original people, including respect, dignity and ultimately the value of friendship.
In this environment and with these precepts, Solano Rufino grew and became man, so that not only learned the language of the native, to be "linguist", those were several, the big difference with them was that Rufino also became "Almaraz" because he also knew play to perfection the soul and feelings of the Indians pehuenches (Catriel), their close friends.
In the same way, Cipriano Catriel, who later inherited the chieftainship of his father, knew the peculiarities of Christians and a perfect command of the "language Huinca" beyond attending to be made by interpreters, for reasons of protocol. For this reason, it called attention to this great and good chief was kept as close to the Christians, as is well known.
By that time, Catriel, the vast majority were quite peaceful, friendly and hardworking addition, far more than many Christians, confirms the above, the existence of treaties and correspondence in which the requested Catriel plows, oxen and seeds , no liquor, and with malice, they say.
This harmonious coexistence was long and be of such magnitude that the Catriel were also active in protecting and defending the villages and fields. Proof of this is the existence of numerous official reports detailing the functions custody, harassment and arrest against members of other tribes and gangs huincas alien who came to loot and to abuses in the region. Security was a common theme and so was expressly stated in the peace agreements that have survived to this day. That no one can deny.
The truth is that "Catriel" patrolling the area along with the "army guys" and the other people, even this majority became part of the army that carried out the famous battle of San Carlos, which marked the defeat of the Juan Calfucurá Mapuche chiefs, Pins, among others.
In these actions, all defended theirs, which were nothing more than their wives, children, siblings, parents, friends and all the people that lived there, be they Indians or Christians. For these obvious reasons, rarely took prisoners huincas Catriel, because for decades lived and protected the common danger each heading representing Araucanian (Mapuche) coming from the west side of the ridge.
The man who says that the tribe was Catriel like other Indian tribes do not know the history of Blue or actually has other purposes.
The village of Blue City is composed of the descendants of these people, which must be added the valuable contribution of immigrants who arrived later. But along with all of them are our ancestors hundreds of captives, children and other prisoners Rufino Solano saved and protected, for much of his life. To be understood: at that time meant protecting avoid being killed or lose their freedom. Poe
So those released by Captain Solano, were not recovered Catriel awnings, unless special reason, as when Juan Catriel took the Magistrate Tapalqué Exequiel Martinez and his entire entourage, but the latter were the aggressors and insolent. On that occasion, nothing and no one could bend the iron will Catriel bravo, not wanting to release them until they showed up in their tents Rufino Solano, a soldier of just 19, he retired taking the prisoners unharmed. Rufino since ceased not rescue people, both as indigenous huincas as detailing the history.
To realize the recovery, the exchange of prisoners and reach peace agreements on the roofs of Calfucurá, Namuncurá and other chiefs who were in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Blue, Captain Rufino Solano approached them with absolute serenity, showed no fear or weakness, but acted with great respect and loyalty, always fulfilling his word. Thus succeeded in gaining the consideration and appreciation of these aboriginal leaders, and for that reason, never retreated from the sheets without taking their precious cargo, their main objective, which was to free the captives. They were boys, girls, men and women, mostly the latter, who were also mothers, daughters, sisters and wives torn from the bosom of their homes and their loved ones. As often happens even in our days, and also equals the pain of the victims of captivity and misery of their bereaved families. To perform these tasks
rescue, Rufino Solano played the most valuable thing he owned: his life and he had a worried family waited for his return.
For this exemplary behavior, complete extermination, the chiefs asked him to accompany them Solano Rufino as an interpreter and "overseer" of their land claims to the government. Although only able to obtain land barren and miserable that the national government are over, "giving" as a handout. These injustices occurred because at that time, except for isolated cases such as Rufino Solano, there were many voices who spoke in favor of the claims of indigenous people. Thus came to look at the very blue, knew with certainty that they could trust this person, who tried to end his days back in 1913.
Captain Rufino Solano represents the clearest evidence of the existence of a civilized and humane way to achieve integration with the native. Thus, even for a soldier, has been weighted concepts Osvaldo Bayer. Surely, this renowned historian, high intelligence and a very respectable convictions, could see beyond the uniform he wore the captain Rufino Solano.
Regarding the captive people, just simply open our eyes to the vile exploitation that causes trafficking, trafficking of children and organs, or even political and social conflicts that arise in almost all of our planet and of course, our own country.
regard are poignant memories of our recent past and still continue rescuing kidnapped children and / or missing. The captive flagrantly violates gender and rights trampled by the whole family. For the transcendent issue, many authors of our country and abroad have highlighted the exemplary action unfolded in the past by Rufino Solano.
Unfortunately, much of today's society disregards or refuses to become aware of the historic suffering that women have been victimized in the past and this may be precisely the reason why it continues to happen in the present. In fact, it maintains a distant and indifferent attitude towards female gender and reason with them openly and folds that existed two hundred years ago, while stripping the same intellectual and cultural blindness that prevailed in "the past", it hurts and even more concerned when this conception is also found in many of its kind.
All born of a woman should seriously reconsider these misguided prejudices, otherwise, what kind of sincere and healthy solidarity can be expected from a society that suffers from such a serious moral flaw, given the occurrence of events such as the Sofia Yasmin Herrera girl in our province of Tierra del Fuego, which still is not already very few are concerned. And unfortunately so many other cases exist.
Several years ago, too, that I have the joy of living in my hometown, but as a child almost every day going to the house of my maternal grandmother, Dona Manuela Solano, Solano Dionisio granddaughter, there used to meet several the descendants of people Catriel that often came to visit. Because I forgot to tell you something else: they are also far more grateful that many of the huincas. Therefore, all these people keep a very fond memories and great pride in any known.
Author: Dr. Omar Horacio Alcantara
The Solano family, was established in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Sierra Chica (current Fennel), along the Arroyo Tapalqué, in whose waters, Rufino used to swim with his siblings and other children's friends, also enjoyed riding with them vast fields. In this group of young, were the sons of the chief Juan Catriel, one of them was Cipriano Catriel, who Rufino Solano had a few days apart, both born in 1837 and Juan José Catriel was two years older than them.
In the place where they had strong or barracks, and other Catriel Indian families lived in their tents and some of them worked in the field of Rufino's father, Dionisio Solano, who was mayor rural Blue Creek, upstream, where he served for over twenty years. Time during which the child never existed confrontation between the two peoples. Rufino
Solano was how he learned to speak the indigenous language, track and field, to tame "the Indian", to guide in the immensity of the pampas, to make spears and bolas, and a myriad of things that you were taught by the original people, including respect, dignity and ultimately the value of friendship.
In this environment and with these precepts, Solano Rufino grew and became man, so that not only learned the language of the native, to be "linguist", those were several, the big difference with them was that Rufino also became "Almaraz" because he also knew play to perfection the soul and feelings of the Indians pehuenches (Catriel), their close friends.
In the same way, Cipriano Catriel, who later inherited the chieftainship of his father, knew the peculiarities of Christians and a perfect command of the "language Huinca" beyond attending to be made by interpreters, for reasons of protocol. For this reason, it called attention to this great and good chief was kept as close to the Christians, as is well known.
By that time, Catriel, the vast majority were quite peaceful, friendly and hardworking addition, far more than many Christians, confirms the above, the existence of treaties and correspondence in which the requested Catriel plows, oxen and seeds , no liquor, and with malice, they say.
This harmonious coexistence was long and be of such magnitude that the Catriel were also active in protecting and defending the villages and fields. Proof of this is the existence of numerous official reports detailing the functions custody, harassment and arrest against members of other tribes and gangs huincas alien who came to loot and to abuses in the region. Security was a common theme and so was expressly stated in the peace agreements that have survived to this day. That no one can deny.
The truth is that "Catriel" patrolling the area along with the "army guys" and the other people, even this majority became part of the army that carried out the famous battle of San Carlos, which marked the defeat of the Juan Calfucurá Mapuche chiefs, Pins, among others.
In these actions, all defended theirs, which were nothing more than their wives, children, siblings, parents, friends and all the people that lived there, be they Indians or Christians. For these obvious reasons, rarely took prisoners huincas Catriel, because for decades lived and protected the common danger each heading representing Araucanian (Mapuche) coming from the west side of the ridge.
The man who says that the tribe was Catriel like other Indian tribes do not know the history of Blue or actually has other purposes.
The village of Blue City is composed of the descendants of these people, which must be added the valuable contribution of immigrants who arrived later. But along with all of them are our ancestors hundreds of captives, children and other prisoners Rufino Solano saved and protected, for much of his life. To be understood: at that time meant protecting avoid being killed or lose their freedom. Poe
So those released by Captain Solano, were not recovered Catriel awnings, unless special reason, as when Juan Catriel took the Magistrate Tapalqué Exequiel Martinez and his entire entourage, but the latter were the aggressors and insolent. On that occasion, nothing and no one could bend the iron will Catriel bravo, not wanting to release them until they showed up in their tents Rufino Solano, a soldier of just 19, he retired taking the prisoners unharmed. Rufino since ceased not rescue people, both as indigenous huincas as detailing the history.
To realize the recovery, the exchange of prisoners and reach peace agreements on the roofs of Calfucurá, Namuncurá and other chiefs who were in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Blue, Captain Rufino Solano approached them with absolute serenity, showed no fear or weakness, but acted with great respect and loyalty, always fulfilling his word. Thus succeeded in gaining the consideration and appreciation of these aboriginal leaders, and for that reason, never retreated from the sheets without taking their precious cargo, their main objective, which was to free the captives. They were boys, girls, men and women, mostly the latter, who were also mothers, daughters, sisters and wives torn from the bosom of their homes and their loved ones. As often happens even in our days, and also equals the pain of the victims of captivity and misery of their bereaved families. To perform these tasks
rescue, Rufino Solano played the most valuable thing he owned: his life and he had a worried family waited for his return.
For this exemplary behavior, complete extermination, the chiefs asked him to accompany them Solano Rufino as an interpreter and "overseer" of their land claims to the government. Although only able to obtain land barren and miserable that the national government are over, "giving" as a handout. These injustices occurred because at that time, except for isolated cases such as Rufino Solano, there were many voices who spoke in favor of the claims of indigenous people. Thus came to look at the very blue, knew with certainty that they could trust this person, who tried to end his days back in 1913.
Captain Rufino Solano represents the clearest evidence of the existence of a civilized and humane way to achieve integration with the native. Thus, even for a soldier, has been weighted concepts Osvaldo Bayer. Surely, this renowned historian, high intelligence and a very respectable convictions, could see beyond the uniform he wore the captain Rufino Solano.
Regarding the captive people, just simply open our eyes to the vile exploitation that causes trafficking, trafficking of children and organs, or even political and social conflicts that arise in almost all of our planet and of course, our own country.
regard are poignant memories of our recent past and still continue rescuing kidnapped children and / or missing. The captive flagrantly violates gender and rights trampled by the whole family. For the transcendent issue, many authors of our country and abroad have highlighted the exemplary action unfolded in the past by Rufino Solano.
Unfortunately, much of today's society disregards or refuses to become aware of the historic suffering that women have been victimized in the past and this may be precisely the reason why it continues to happen in the present. In fact, it maintains a distant and indifferent attitude towards female gender and reason with them openly and folds that existed two hundred years ago, while stripping the same intellectual and cultural blindness that prevailed in "the past", it hurts and even more concerned when this conception is also found in many of its kind.
All born of a woman should seriously reconsider these misguided prejudices, otherwise, what kind of sincere and healthy solidarity can be expected from a society that suffers from such a serious moral flaw, given the occurrence of events such as the Sofia Yasmin Herrera girl in our province of Tierra del Fuego, which still is not already very few are concerned. And unfortunately so many other cases exist.
Several years ago, too, that I have the joy of living in my hometown, but as a child almost every day going to the house of my maternal grandmother, Dona Manuela Solano, Solano Dionisio granddaughter, there used to meet several the descendants of people Catriel that often came to visit. Because I forgot to tell you something else: they are also far more grateful that many of the huincas. Therefore, all these people keep a very fond memories and great pride in any known.
Author: Dr. Omar Horacio Alcantara
*
ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL OF TIME 18/11/2008.-
* FOR A GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF THE CAPTIVE, THE AUTHOR OF THIS BLOG transcribes a fragment of the work of DON ROBERTO E. LANDABURU ENTITLED "CAPTIVE IN SANTA FE" , During his campaign, SOLANO RUFINO CAPTAIN RESCUED MANY OF THEM ALSO, a native of this province.
Dr. Frederick Meyer Arnold, in his work Del Plata to the Andes, written in 1851, relates the journey from Buenos Aires to Mendoza in a thorough and entertaining. But when he says get to the Santa Fe, in the way of Relay, adds: When you get to La Candelaria, Casilda today: "... We got to the post that consisted of two miserable huts encircled by cactus to fend off the savages .... An old woman only inhabitant of the fair sex who had forgiven the Indian captivity, and his two sons greeted us. It is incomprehensible as a human being is determined to spend his days in the clutches of death at every moment threatens these unhappy! This poor woman that had been stripped of both his daughters, unsuccessfully begged the savages take to the tolderías: the barbarians despised for their old age ... In every invasion they do there, she comes to ask about the ill-fated fruit of her womb and knees begging them to take a slave to no avail.
"... taken away from this dreadful place, overwhelmed by grief I had caused the relationship and the distressed look of that rugged face, I could only think, not just human justice that you forget the unfortunate! " (1)
This reference, then taken by Hector M. Lagos, reconstructs one of the most terrible tragedies in life I could pick up the frontier of the last century, and is none other than the life of the protagonist of the appointment of Arnold Meyer, Dona Agustina Gallegos Galloso. Married to James Gallegos, it came from a legendary family of postmaster, in La Candelaria, toppings, Cruz Alta, etc. In the province of Santa Fe and Cordoba, and from the viceroyalty.
For the years 1840/1841, a raid that penetrated even near Rosario, was among others, the Mercedes and Manuela Gallegos sisters, daughters of Dona Agustina, which were then 17 and 19 years respectively.
clamoring for these daughters of the grieving mother when in 1851 the interview at the post of La Candelaria Dr. Meyer Arnold.
But the sufferings of the poor mother of the pampas, it ended in the tearing wound. Ranquelinas In the violent invasions of late 1871, have two other daughters, Francisca and Cruz, 40 and 42, and January 1872, in another raid, taken to their fifth child, Silveria Gallegos, 38 years old ...
Galloso Doña Agustina, now deceased husband, not give up their claims to know the whereabouts of their daughters. Write to Dr. Félix Frías, ambassador to Chile, and other authorities, as for the year 1872 to 30 years had no news of their daughter Manuela and Mercedes. But such is life! shortly before he was kidnapped to the other three daughters, heard from a lady, Mercedes Lescano, Hualquil-domiciled in Chile - where he communicates by letter that Mercedes and Manuela are alive, living in the area of \u200b\u200bColonel ...
The pain of old Agustina
The newspaper La Prensa, dated December 19, 1871 published this news, said that in drafting the troubled mother she appeared before asking them know their daughters that if they want to move back to Mendoza that they will go to the search ....
hopeful and writes to Mrs de Lescano in Chile giving the name of his five daughters captive: Manuela, Mercedes, Francisca, Cruz and Silveria, noting that the last three have no news, and thanks to which the transmitted .. .. Poor old
Agustina, and then begins his last Via Crucis ... forget your infirmities of old age, shortened his days, sell its establishment, its land, latest furniture and jewelry, leaving the native landscape, strong, and as said Lagos, will ask the Virgin of La Candelaria historical protection, seen crossing the moats and tunales of the post. Installs in Rosario, and begins a cross cheering in newsrooms and newspapers, looking for more information by writing to the highest officials, motorized life expectancy. His daughters, after 30 years, are alive! So to spend their last coins ... Lagos
achieved a complete documentation, which consists of Dr. Weaver's letter to Ambassador Félix Frías: "... two captive Mercedes and Manuela Gallegos who say they are in the department Lautaro - Chile - in a district called Colonel, ask to be helped by the Argentine government to return to Argentina ... "Gallegos
The sisters have set up home
captive is noted that both had husbands and children. ... It seeks to move the port of Valparaiso to sail for Argentina, which once arrivals due in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that would provide the means to get to Rosario with his mother, who anxiously wait ...
But life, the sad reality that is life, from Chile makes report: Gallegos sisters up homeless, who are mothers themselves, feeling linked and the environment they live by strong emotional reasons, which fears Manuela cross the strait, and that only Mercedes is ready to face the sea voyage .... Difficulties increase
unfortunately for Dona Agustina, we are for the year 1873, without obtaining the return of captives to Rosario. New difficulties arise for Dr. Frías, while understandable, were sisters and their families, their children, their home ..... While
: "... the mother of the ladies Gallegos, Doña Agustina, living on charity in Rosario, therefore can offer no advantage and the return ..."
documents say that by February 1874, Mercedes Gallegos with her husband and son sailed from the port of Coronel, Chile, bound for Buenos Aires This will be the only one of his five daughters, Doña Agustina poor will see before his death in Rosario.
The fifth daughter captivated
The last of the daughters taken captive, Silveria Gallegos, in July 1887 is presented in a set of Don Juan Caronti stay in Bahia Blanca, where Silveria tells Gallegos called that was captive near Rosario, "... in a place called Candelaria, Chile is now his father is James Gallegos. He was born in the first days of January 1872 ... your guys are in the topping, you know two sisters Manuela and Mercedes are captive but ignores the fate ...!"
Of the other two sisters, Francisca and Cruz, never heard. Lagos, said that no data were collected and were found, assuming the author referred to were in the city Mendoza, without ever communicating with his family ....! (2)
Even today, in payment of the Candelaria, the figure of an old woman, wrinkled and distressed face, arms and looking at the sky west, screaming his desolation, for the Pampero bring you news that will not ..!
1) MEYER ARNOLD. Del Plata to the Andes - Ediciones Huarpes. 1944.
2) LAGOS, Hector M. - Five Argentine Captive in Araucania. Editorial. Candelaria Buenos Aires 1969
"... taken away from this dreadful place, overwhelmed by grief I had caused the relationship and the distressed look of that rugged face, I could only think, not just human justice that you forget the unfortunate! " (1)
This reference, then taken by Hector M. Lagos, reconstructs one of the most terrible tragedies in life I could pick up the frontier of the last century, and is none other than the life of the protagonist of the appointment of Arnold Meyer, Dona Agustina Gallegos Galloso. Married to James Gallegos, it came from a legendary family of postmaster, in La Candelaria, toppings, Cruz Alta, etc. In the province of Santa Fe and Cordoba, and from the viceroyalty.
For the years 1840/1841, a raid that penetrated even near Rosario, was among others, the Mercedes and Manuela Gallegos sisters, daughters of Dona Agustina, which were then 17 and 19 years respectively.
clamoring for these daughters of the grieving mother when in 1851 the interview at the post of La Candelaria Dr. Meyer Arnold.
But the sufferings of the poor mother of the pampas, it ended in the tearing wound. Ranquelinas In the violent invasions of late 1871, have two other daughters, Francisca and Cruz, 40 and 42, and January 1872, in another raid, taken to their fifth child, Silveria Gallegos, 38 years old ...
Galloso Doña Agustina, now deceased husband, not give up their claims to know the whereabouts of their daughters. Write to Dr. Félix Frías, ambassador to Chile, and other authorities, as for the year 1872 to 30 years had no news of their daughter Manuela and Mercedes. But such is life! shortly before he was kidnapped to the other three daughters, heard from a lady, Mercedes Lescano, Hualquil-domiciled in Chile - where he communicates by letter that Mercedes and Manuela are alive, living in the area of \u200b\u200bColonel ...
The pain of old Agustina
The newspaper La Prensa, dated December 19, 1871 published this news, said that in drafting the troubled mother she appeared before asking them know their daughters that if they want to move back to Mendoza that they will go to the search ....
hopeful and writes to Mrs de Lescano in Chile giving the name of his five daughters captive: Manuela, Mercedes, Francisca, Cruz and Silveria, noting that the last three have no news, and thanks to which the transmitted .. .. Poor old
Agustina, and then begins his last Via Crucis ... forget your infirmities of old age, shortened his days, sell its establishment, its land, latest furniture and jewelry, leaving the native landscape, strong, and as said Lagos, will ask the Virgin of La Candelaria historical protection, seen crossing the moats and tunales of the post. Installs in Rosario, and begins a cross cheering in newsrooms and newspapers, looking for more information by writing to the highest officials, motorized life expectancy. His daughters, after 30 years, are alive! So to spend their last coins ... Lagos
achieved a complete documentation, which consists of Dr. Weaver's letter to Ambassador Félix Frías: "... two captive Mercedes and Manuela Gallegos who say they are in the department Lautaro - Chile - in a district called Colonel, ask to be helped by the Argentine government to return to Argentina ... "Gallegos
The sisters have set up home
captive is noted that both had husbands and children. ... It seeks to move the port of Valparaiso to sail for Argentina, which once arrivals due in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that would provide the means to get to Rosario with his mother, who anxiously wait ...
But life, the sad reality that is life, from Chile makes report: Gallegos sisters up homeless, who are mothers themselves, feeling linked and the environment they live by strong emotional reasons, which fears Manuela cross the strait, and that only Mercedes is ready to face the sea voyage .... Difficulties increase
unfortunately for Dona Agustina, we are for the year 1873, without obtaining the return of captives to Rosario. New difficulties arise for Dr. Frías, while understandable, were sisters and their families, their children, their home ..... While
: "... the mother of the ladies Gallegos, Doña Agustina, living on charity in Rosario, therefore can offer no advantage and the return ..."
documents say that by February 1874, Mercedes Gallegos with her husband and son sailed from the port of Coronel, Chile, bound for Buenos Aires This will be the only one of his five daughters, Doña Agustina poor will see before his death in Rosario.
The fifth daughter captivated
The last of the daughters taken captive, Silveria Gallegos, in July 1887 is presented in a set of Don Juan Caronti stay in Bahia Blanca, where Silveria tells Gallegos called that was captive near Rosario, "... in a place called Candelaria, Chile is now his father is James Gallegos. He was born in the first days of January 1872 ... your guys are in the topping, you know two sisters Manuela and Mercedes are captive but ignores the fate ...!"
Of the other two sisters, Francisca and Cruz, never heard. Lagos, said that no data were collected and were found, assuming the author referred to were in the city Mendoza, without ever communicating with his family ....! (2)
Even today, in payment of the Candelaria, the figure of an old woman, wrinkled and distressed face, arms and looking at the sky west, screaming his desolation, for the Pampero bring you news that will not ..!
1) MEYER ARNOLD. Del Plata to the Andes - Ediciones Huarpes. 1944.
2) LAGOS, Hector M. - Five Argentine Captive in Araucania. Editorial. Candelaria Buenos Aires 1969
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